Faradic Peaks Enhanced by Carbon Nanotubes in Microsomal Cytochrome P450 Electrodes

The increasing needs of personalized therapies have recently stimulated impressive advances in research and development of portable point-of-care biosensors for realtime monitoring as well as biosensors for drug development [1, 2]. Enzymatic amperometric biosensors based on the enzyme family cytochrome P450 (CYP) have drawn increasing attention because CYP is a monooxygenase enzyme primarily involved in the metabolism of bioactive metabolites and hydrophobic xenobiotics such as drugs, environmental pollutants and steroids [3]. The 3D structure of the enzyme is illustrated in Scheme 1A. CYP catalyses the monooxygenase reaction, a two-electron reaction where the electrocatalytic transformation of a substrate is coupled to the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen, according to the general equation: